Dopamine is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine content in the brain. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons to send signals to other nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in specific regions of the brain but affect many regions systemically. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory.
"}{"slip": { "id": 152, "advice": "Accept advice."}}
{"fact":"Milk can give some cats diarrhea.","length":33}
{"slip": { "id": 193, "advice": "Value the people in your life."}}
{"slip": { "id": 96, "advice": "Don't give to others advice which you wouldn't follow."}}
{"fact":"A cat has approximately 60 to 80 million olfactory cells (a human has between 5 and 20 million).","length":96}
{"slip": { "id": 79, "advice": "Just because you are offended, doesn't mean you are right."}}
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{"type":"standard","title":"NGC 4314","displaytitle":"NGC 4314","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q280420","titles":{"canonical":"NGC_4314","normalized":"NGC 4314","display":"NGC 4314"},"pageid":4484966,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/NGC_4314HST1998-21-b-full.jpg/330px-NGC_4314HST1998-21-b-full.jpg","width":320,"height":320},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/NGC_4314HST1998-21-b-full.jpg","width":684,"height":684},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1284863533","tid":"ea2f546c-15cb-11f0-9de5-e0d7b2f981cc","timestamp":"2025-04-10T05:23:20Z","description":"Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4314","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4314?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4314?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:NGC_4314"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4314","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/NGC_4314","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4314?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:NGC_4314"}},"extract":"NGC 4314 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 53 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It is positioned around 3° to the north and slightly west of the star Gamma Comae Berenices and is visible in a small telescope. The galaxy was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on March 13, 1785. It was labelled as peculiar by Allan Sandage in 1961 because of the unusual structure in the center of the bar. NGC 4314 is a member of the Coma I group of galaxies.","extract_html":"
NGC 43